It should mention that fossil fuels in the depth of earth, wind energy and sea waves are some of the results of received energy of land from sun.

The most important narrative from usage of sun is the story of Archimedes the Greece scientist who set fire to the roman ship with use of solar thermal energy. It is stated that Archimedes with installation of square small mirrors beside each other on the mobile base concentrate the sun light on the Romans ships and set them in fire.

Although the advantages of solar energy is known in past centuries but the higher primary costs and supply of cheap oil and gas had been barrier of these systems development till the increase of the oil price in 1973 caused that industrial developed countries bounded to consider to the generating energy from other ways.

Solar energy application

In recent years it is used of solar energy by different systems and types of purposes which are:

1-    direct transformation of sun lights to the electricity by the photovoltaic systems

2-    usage of solar thermal energy for domestic, industrial and power station consumption

Photovoltaic systems:

A phenomenon which generates electricity as the result of sun light without mobile mechanism is photovoltaic one and each system used by such phenomenon is photovoltaic system. Photovoltaic system is the consumptive application of the new energies and till now several systems are coming online with different capacities in all over the world and based on these systems performance the applicant are increasing. The series and parallel solar cells can reach to the remarkable voltage. As a result the set of series and paralleled cells are called photovoltaic. Today such cells are produced from silica and needed silica produced from sands and grits that is ample in desert regions. So there are great resources of these cells raw materials.

Photovoltaic history:

Photovoltaic term is a combination of photo means light and “volt” means electricity generation. Photovoltaic phenomenon discovery is attributed to the Edmond Becquerel a French physician who presented his experiences in 1839 with printing Becquerel article with wet cell batteries. He observed that battery voltage increases when sliver sheets opposed to the sun light. But the first report of PV phenomenon in a solid substance was published in 1877 when two Cambridge scientists named R.E. Day and W.G.Adams in an article to the royal committee explained electrical features of selenium at the opposition of the sun radiation. In 1883, Charles Edgar Frittes, the electrical engineer from NY, manufactured a selenium cell which was like today silicon solar cells. This cell had been formed of thin selenium which had been covered of glass with extremely delicate strings veils. But the manufactured cells had been so low efficacy. A solar cells output is including a percentage that radiating toward its level which is transformed to the electrical energy. Less than 1% of radiated energy transform to the electricity. Even though, selenium cells utilizing expanded in photography’s photometry.

(Solar cells (photovoltaic

The main element of photovoltaic technology is the solar cell. Photovoltaic cells (PV) which are known as the solar cells are formed of semi conducted materials. The most common semiconductor is silicon which is using in PV cells for its rampancy. Although silicon is an abundant element and form great percentage of earth’s crust but silicon cells for the silicon manufacturing process, are so expensive.

Different technologies of solar cells

Photovoltaic systems which manufacture industrially, categorizing in to two categories named crystal silicon as the first generation technology and thin film as the second generation technology. Crystal silicon cells divided in to mono-crystals, poly-crystals, and banded- crystals. Key technologies can be included in a-si, CIS, CIGS and CdTe. The third generation of photovoltaic cells which are manufacturing in laboratories and research centers are developing them, are apply to the cells which have capability of passing from Shockley-Queisser limit mean the nominal output higher than 32%. Some of them are including, silicone nanostructures, up/down converters, hot carrier cells and thermo electric cells or Hot Lattice.

Manufacture of solar cells in world:

Global market of PV cells manufacturing is developing with remarkable growth. This growth had been 50% in 2003. In 2006, the manufacture capacity of photovoltaic cells in world reaches to 2.520 MW. At the same year the share of crystal photovoltaic cells was more than 90% and share of PV cells was 8%. According to the rapid growth of PV cells manufacture, it is expected that share of the cells reach to 25% to 30% by 2010.

The photovoltaic cells manufactured in 2007 had been more than 3.4 G.W. Amongst others, Japanese firms encounter to the declining procedure and had only 26% share of the market. Chinese firms, on the other hand, reach to 35% in 2007 from 20% of 2006.

Advantages of solar Photovoltaic power stations:

-         power generation without fuel consumption

-         lack of needing to water

-         lack of environment pollution

-         possibility of providing little and regional networks

-         low consuming and long life

-         lack of needing to the expertise

Consumptions and photovoltaic applications

-         space traveling consumptions and providing needed energy of satellites for sending messages

-         solar light

-         nourishing system of a residential

-         solar pumping system

-         telecommunications stations system

-         calculator, watch, radio, recorder and children toys

-         photovoltaic power stations

-         solar icebox

-         portable nourishing system

Firm introduction:

based on daily increase of solar energy demand and increase of the life standards and damages resulted from green house phenomenon and environmental pollutants which threaten the environment and mankind health, Loshan Sabok Sazan firm embarked its studies with the title of replacing solar energy as the greatest cheap energy source in the world through attracting intellectuals powers in case of solar cells raw material and manufacturing photovoltaic systems and in 2009 after reaching to the research studies results and feasibilities studies carried out with co-operation of Amir Mansour Aria investment development firm enterprise in construction the metal silicon manufacturing factories and solar cells in nanotechnology township and Iranian silicon in Brojerd city located in Loretsan Province.

Some of the firm products:

-         metal silicon

-         chunk silicon

-         wafer silicon

-         solar cells

-         micro cilice

-         solar cells major

-         …